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Automatic Private IP Addressing

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- Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) is a feature of Windows-based operating systems (included in Windows 98, ME, 2000, and XP) that enables a computer to automatically assign itself an IP address when there is no Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server available to perform that function. APIPA serves as a DHCP server failover mechanism and makes it easier to configure and support small local area networks (LANs).

If no DHCP server is currently available (either because the server is temporarily down or because none exists on the network), the computer selects an IP address from a range of addresses (from 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255) reserved by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for that purpose. The client uses Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to ensure that the chosen address is not already being used by another network computer. Once the computer has assigned itself an IP address, it can communicate over TCP/IP with other computers on the LAN that are either configured for APIPA or are manually set to the correct address range and a subnet mask value of 255.255.0.0. APIPA is enabled by default, but can be disabled in some cases. DHCP messages notify the user when they are switched between DHCP addressing and APIPA.

Learn more about Email Protocols

Enabling protocol logging for Exchange Server: Protocol logging lets you see the commands that clients are sending to Exchange so you can detect suspicious traffic patterns. Protocol logs are also an excellent forensic tool.
A primer on messaging standards: SMTP, POP and IMAP: A brief introduction to three of Exchange's more commonly used messaging standards: SMTP, POP and IMAP.
Improve Exchange 2003 Internet connectivity, mail flow and performance: Learn how to configure SMTP virtual servers, connectors, bridgeheads and routing groups to improve Exchange 2003 Web connectivity and email performance.
A primer on SMTP and ESMTP servers and commands: Learn about Simple Message Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and Extended SMTP (ESMTP), common commands and how each protocol works.
How to use SMTP queues to troubleshoot mail flow: Find out how you can use SMTP queues to diagnose and troubleshoot Exchange Server mail flow and email performance issues.
How Exchange Server performs Active Directory LDAP queries: Exchange MVP Brien Posey describes the three services Exchange Server uses to perform Active Directory LDAP queries: DSAccess, DSProxy and the SMTP categorizer.
How to analyze Exchange Server SMTP log files in Microsoft Excel: Exchange MVP Brien Posey explains two approaches for analyzing your Exchange Server SMTP log files in Microsoft Excel to determine bandwidth consumption.

CONTRIBUTORS:	Joe Lavine
LAST UPDATED:	05 Feb 2004

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More resources from around the web:

-	Microsoft Support describes how to set up APIPA.
-	Windows and .NET Magazine provides an article, "Automatic Private IP Addressing."

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