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X.400

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- X.400 is the messaging (notably e-mail) standard specified by the ITU-TS (International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunication Standard Sector). It's an alternative to the more prevalent e-mail protocol, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). X.400 is common in Europe and Canada. It's actually a set of standards, each in the 400-number range.

Because X.400 stipulates a number of possible address characteristics that SMTP does not, an X.400 address can be long and cumbersome. On the other hand, X.400 adherents note that it is an official standard whereas SMTP is a "de facto" standard. Thus, products with X.400 implementations can be tested more rigorously than products with SMTP implementations can. X.400 offers more capabilities than SMTP does. However, many of these capabilities are seldom used.

An SMTP e-mail address that looks like this hypothetical address:

          georg.hansen@delab.sintef.no

might look like this in an X.400 e-mail message:

         G=Georg; S=Hansen; O=sintef; OU=delab; PRMD=uninett; ADMD=uninett; C=no

X.400 is a complex standard that is difficult to summarize here. The arguments in favor of and against each of the opposing e-mail standards are also complicated.

Learn more about Email Protocols

Enabling protocol logging for Exchange Server: Protocol logging lets you see the commands that clients are sending to Exchange so you can detect suspicious traffic patterns. Protocol logs are also an excellent forensic tool.
A primer on messaging standards: SMTP, POP and IMAP: A brief introduction to three of Exchange's more commonly used messaging standards: SMTP, POP and IMAP.
Improve Exchange 2003 Internet connectivity, mail flow and performance: Learn how to configure SMTP virtual servers, connectors, bridgeheads and routing groups to improve Exchange 2003 Web connectivity and email performance.
A primer on SMTP and ESMTP servers and commands: Learn about Simple Message Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and Extended SMTP (ESMTP), common commands and how each protocol works.
How to use SMTP queues to troubleshoot mail flow: Find out how you can use SMTP queues to diagnose and troubleshoot Exchange Server mail flow and email performance issues.
How Exchange Server performs Active Directory LDAP queries: Exchange MVP Brien Posey describes the three services Exchange Server uses to perform Active Directory LDAP queries: DSAccess, DSProxy and the SMTP categorizer.
How to analyze Exchange Server SMTP log files in Microsoft Excel: Exchange MVP Brien Posey explains two approaches for analyzing your Exchange Server SMTP log files in Microsoft Excel to determine bandwidth consumption.

LAST UPDATED:

24 Apr 2005

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More resources from around the web:

-	The arguments for and against the opposing standards are summarized as part of an X.400 Frequently Asked Questions page. This page also will lead you to the set of X.400 standards and several books devoted to X.400.
-	Search400.com has hundreds of links related to X.400.

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