I have seen similar scenarios and non-delivery report (NDR) errors like this can be hard to pinpoint. I would suggest the following:
- Confirm that you can ping from one Exchange server to another using fully qualified domain name (FQDN). If not, check the name resolution.
- Use message tracking to determine where the messages are going.
- Use the Exchange Best Practices Anaylzer (ExBPA) tool to analyze your environment for anomalies that could be causing this issue.
- Turn on or increase diagnostic logging levels on Exchange Server's MSExchange Transport service. This should give you more detailed warnings and/or errors in your Exchange servers' application event logs. (Remember to turn diagnostics logging back off or you'll fill your event logs).
Do you have comments on this Ask the Expert Q&A? Let us know.
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